Meet Niloofar!
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Niloofar Pourjafari is a PhD student in astrophysics at the University of Calgary working under the supervision of Dr. Jeroen Stil. Her research focuses on studying galactic magnetic fields using radio observations from the CHANG-ES survey. CHANG-ES (Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies – an EVLA Survey) is a survey of radio continuum and polarization in 35 nearby, nearly edge-on spiral galaxies observed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). As part of this project, she is exploring the magnetic field structure within the halo of NGC 891, an edge-on spiral galaxy often referred to as a twin of the Milky Way. Her work uses S-band (2–4 GHz) radio observations of NGC 891 obtained with the VLA in C configuration.
Observations of edge-on spiral galaxies typically show plane-parallel magnetic fields within the disk, but reveal an “X-shaped” geometry in the halo (e.g. Dumke et al. 1995; Krause et al. 2020). In her study of NGC 891, Niloofar finds that the magnetic field in the plane of the sky has a significant component perpendicular to the disk, with no strong alignment along the major axis across most of the galaxy. This pattern closely resembles earlier results by Sukumar & Allen (1991) at 6.2 cm, obtained without correction for Faraday rotation. In addition to the global magnetic field structure, she investigates the polarization properties of the northeast region of the galaxy in detail. Using rotation measure synthesis, she constructs maps of Faraday depth and polarized radio intensity, leading to the identification of a localized region with enhanced polarized emission. By combining the radio data with H\alpha and diffuse X-ray maps, she explores possible origins for this structure, including a superbubble powered by clustered supernovae or an interaction between the galactic disk and accreting high-velocity gas. While the morphology and multiwavelength properties support the presence of a large superbubble powered by a relatively young star cluster, the significant amount of neutral hydrogen in the halo means that an interaction with an infalling high-velocity cloud (HVC) cannot be ruled out. This work uses S-band data, a critical wavelength range where the transition from moderate to strong depolarization occurs in star-forming galaxies. Future work will extend this analysis to L-band (1–2 GHz) observations to improve the resolution in Faraday depth and further constrain the three-dimensional structure of magnetic fields in galactic halos.

Polarized intensity map of NGC 891 from combined S-band and C-band observations with a beam size of 15”. The Stokes I contour levels are: 18xσ_I and 100xσ_I , with σ_I = 5.4 μJy/beam. The vectors represent polarization vectors corrected for Faraday rotation. The cross marks the locations of high polarized intensity across the disk.
Niloofar Pourjafari est doctorante en astrophysique à l’Université de Calgary, sous la supervision de Dr. Jeroen Stil. Sa recherche porte sur l’étude des champs magnétiques galactiques avec des observations radio de CHANG-ES. CHANG-ES (Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies – un relevé EVLA) est un relevé du continuum radio et de la polarisation de 35 galaxies spirales proches, vues par la tranche, observées avec le Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). Dans le cadre de ce projet elle explore la structure du champ magnétique dans le halo de NGC 891, une galaxie spirale vue par la tranche souvent qualifiée de jumelle de la Voie Lactée. Ses travaux utilisent des observations radio en bande S (2-4 GHz) de NGC 891 obtenues avec le VLA en configuration C.
Les observations de galaxies spirales vues par la tranche montrent généralement des champs magnétiques parallèles au plan dans le disque, mais révèlent une géométrie en “forme de X” dans le halo (ex. Dumke et al. 1995; Krause et al. 2020). Dans son étude de NGC 891, Niloofar constate que le champ magnétique dans le plan du ciel présente une composante significative perpendiculaire au disque, sans alignement marqué le long de l’axe majeur sur la majeure partie de la galaxie. Ce schéma ressemble clairement aux résultats précédents de Sukumar & Allen (1991) à 6.2 cm, obtenus sans correction pour la rotation de Faraday. En plus de la structure globale du champ magnétique, elle examine en détail les propriétés de polarisation de la région nord-est de la galaxie. En utilisant la synthèse de mesure de rotation, elle construit des cartes de profondeur de Faraday et d’intensité radio polarisée, menant à l’identification d’une région localisée présentant une émission polarisée renforcée. En combinant les données radio avec des cartes H-alpha et de rayons X diffus, elle explore les origines possibles de cette structure, notamment une superbulle alimentée par des supernovae groupées ou une interaction entre le disque galactique et du gaz à haute vitesse en accrétion. Bien que la morphologie et les propriétés multi-longueurs d’onde soutiennent la présence d’une grande superbulle alimentée par un amas d’étoiles relativement jeune, la quantité significative d’hydrogène neutre dans le halo signifie qu’une interaction avec un nuage à haute vitesse (NHV) en chute ne peut être exclue. Ce travail utilise des données en bande S, une bande de longueurs d’onde critique où se produit la transition d’une dépolarisation modérée à forte dans les galaxies à formation d’étoiles. Les travaux futurs étendront cette analyse aux observations en bande L (1-2 GHz) afin d’améliorer la résolution en profondeur de Faraday et de mieux contraindre la structure tridimensionnelle des champs magnétiques dans les halos galactiques.

Carte d’intensité polarisée de NGC 891 issue des observations combinées en bande S et en bande C, avec une taille de faisceau de 15”. Les niveaux de contours de Stokes I sont: 18xσ_I et 100xσ_I, avec \sigma_I = 5,4 μJy/faisceau. Les vecteurs représentent les vecteurs de polarisation corrigés pour la rotation de Faraday. La croix indique les emplacements de haute intensité polarisée à travers le disque.
Pau’s research focuses on characterizing the energy and matter content of relativistic jets launched by black hole X-ray binaries. He applies a calorimetry approach, studying the interstellar medium (ISM) structures inflated by these jets to infer their energetic impact. The morphology of these jet-powered nebulae is constrained through radio and optical continuum observations, while their physical conditions are determined via molecular and atomic line emission diagnostics. By measuring the mass, kinematics, excitation, and spatial extent of the affected gas, Pau quantifies the total energy required to create and sustain these structures. When the structures can be confidently attributed to jet activity, this provides a direct estimate of the jet’s long-term power and energetic budget.
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are important astrophysical laboratories for studying high-energy emission processes. They play key roles in advancing our understanding of heavy-element production throughout the universe, mechanisms that trigger star formation, the dynamics of galaxies, multi-messenger astronomy, and their potential use as standard candles in cosmology. Recent advancements in X-ray detector technologies have led to substantial improvements in the energy resolution of spectra used to infer physical properties associated with supernovae (SNe). At the same time, discrepancies among best-fit model predictions from widely used atomic databases—when applied to ultra-high-resolution spectral data—highlight the need to audit commonly used astrophysical models. Such audits can clarify how approximations in theoretical modeling of radiative processes propagate through fitting procedures, leading to uncertainties in inferred physical parameters and, in some cases, degeneracies in a model’s best-fit parameter space.
Breanna’s area of research is Milky Way star formation, and in particular, quantifying the rate and efficiency of star formation in molecular clouds using JWST data. The accurate determination of star formation efficiency is tricky, as it depends upon myriad factors, such as the age of the protostars under consideration, accurate counting of these protostars, and high resolution determinations of the mass of gas within the cloud. With JWST data, the identification of protostars (and thus accurate counting of them) becomes frontier work, with heterogenous filter choices and thus completely different datasets leading to a lack of a uniform method by which to identify protostars from their photometry.
Michael Poon is a fifth-year PhD candidate in the Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics at the University of Toronto, advised by Profs. Marta Bryan and Hanno Rein. His research centers on exoplanetary obliquity – the tilt between a planet’s rotational and orbital axes – which is a newly observable signature of planetary formation and dynamics. Obliquities require a rare combination of three observables (see figure below), each requiring a space-based or 8-meter ground-based telescope. He approaches this emerging field through a combination of observational, theoretical, and statistical lenses.
Galaxy evolution is a complex process involving numerous physical mechanisms that have varying spatial and temporal scales. Observationally, we know that galactic stellar mass content and a galaxies’ star formation rate are connected by the so-called Star-Forming Main Sequence (SFMS). The scatter about this relation, i.e. the variation in star formation rates at a given stellar mass, can be explained as having contributions from an average galaxy’s variance in evolution as well as statistical properties of a sample of galaxies. How individual galaxies differ from the SFMS can encode information about the physical processes impacting the system, such as long-term environmental effects or short-term internal feedback mechanisms. However, directly inferring individual behaviours of galaxies over time from single population sample is not possible. A statistical concept known as ergodicity, where ensemble averages are equivalent to individual time averages, provides an enticing way to estimate individual star formation behaviours from galaxy samples. While there is no obvious theoretical reason to believe departures from the SFMS should be ergodic, in practice we can imagine individual systems exploring different configurations with time. Ergodicity can be quantified using the Thirumalai-Mountain metric that measures the convergence of individuals to the sample average over time.
Erik (he/him) is a Ph.D. student at McMaster University working in the research group of Prof. Ryan Cloutier. He completed his BSc in Physics and Astronomy at the University of Toronto in 2022 and has since moved to McMaster to pursue graduate studies. At McMaster University, he is active in outreach through the W J McCallion planetarium and portable planetarium, and serves the graduate student community as Communications Officer for the McMaster Physics and Astronomy Student Association (MAPSA), and as the departmental Union Steward for CUPE 3906. He also captains the department’s softball team, which led the league in scoring through the summer 2024 season.
Peter Quigley is a second-year Master’s student at Western University, working under the supervision of Professor Carol E. Jones. His project focuses on simulating the evolution of viscous disks around massive, rapidly rotating stars using custom-built hydrodynamics code.
Charlotte Smith-Perez is a second year astrophysics master’s student at Western University, working under the supervision of Professor Els Peeters. Her project focuses on studying the infrared emission of organic molecules in a planetary nebula using JWST mid-infrared observations.
Camille Poitras is a first-year master’s student at Université Laval under the supervision of Dr. Marie-Lou Gendron-Marsolais. Her research focuses on the filamentary nebulae associated with the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), with a particular emphasis on M87, in order to better understand the dynamics of these structures. In parallel, she is finalizing a project initiated during her undergraduate research internship, conducted under the primary supervision of Pr. René-Pierre Martin (U. Hawaii), in collaboration with Prs L. Drissen, C. Robert, and H. Martel (U. Laval). This work investigates star formation and chemical enrichment in two well-known galaxies involved in a relatively recent collision: NGC 2207 and IC 2163.